May I see a show of hands of the people that have heard the term “mark to market” and have no idea what it means? (a moment for thought)
What is mark to market pricing?
Loans and securities make up the bulk of a bank’s assets. Thus, the method you use to establish values for these securities when preparing your financial statements affects shareholders’ equity. (Shareholders’ equity = assets – liabilities, remember?) That, in turn, has an effect on a bank’s profit and loss statement.
Mark-to-market accounting sets the value of (or “marks”) the assets on your balance sheet to reflect their market sale prices. In theory, that all sounds nice and clean. In practice, things get a little messier.
When the housing bubble burst, the market for all those mortgage-backed securities vanished, leaving bank balance sheets larded with assets that no one wanted. So at the end of each quarter, banks had to write down billions of dollars of “toxic assets”—even though their value might’ve been artificially, and only temporarily, depressed. But if banks never intended to sell an asset in the current market, they reasoned, why should they be forced to value it as if they did?
Banks are currently required to calculate their earnings, under so-called “mark to market” accounting rules, according to the current market value of the securities they hold, but the new measure would allow them to value assets using their own internal models where the assets would otherwise be sold into a “distressed” market. Banks have argued that markets are not pricing financial assets fairly, causing credit to dry up and exacerbating the crisis.
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) voted to let US banks set their own prices for assets in earnings reports, regardless of current prices.
The move, which was heavily lobbied for by Wall Street, is expected to increase bank earnings by 20 percent in the next quarter. Richard Dietrich, an accounting professor at Ohio State University, told Bloomberg News that the decision would allow Citigroup to reduce its reported losses by 50 to 70 percent.
This is what the bankers and Wall Street have wanted.
The announcement sparked a rally on the stock market, led by financial companies. Citigroup stock rose 8.6 percent, Bank of America soared 9.6 percent and Wells Fargo rose 10.5 percent. The rally subsided later in the day, but financial stocks retained significant gains and the Dow Jones Industrial Average closed with a gain of more than 216 points.
According to the proponents of the measure, the crisis is to be resolved by “fairly” valuing the securities held by banks, allowing the financial system to return to normality. By allowing the banks to claim their assets as fundamentally sound, they argue, the panic will subside, banks will start lending, and the economy will gradually recover.
Now, the banks are to be allowed to use the same obscure and discredited financial models to inflate their balance sheets, based on the claim that markets have ceased to “fairly” reflect the real value of their illiquid assets. This is little more than an excuse to line the pockets of CEOs, hedge fund managers and big investors.
Anytime we see the banks post a profit it is not anything but an accounting trick to make it appear that all is well. They are creating profits out of thin air.