Tag: Historical Facts

That Morning Cup Of “Joe”

Yep that time again, Sunday and a day of either FYI or history, sometimes both.

I believe it was last Sunday that I wrote about the dangers lurking in decaf coffee……

Decaf Drinkers Beware!

I truly adore my cups of coffee in the mornings it makes the day a bit brighter…..but what do you know about coffee other than it is a great starter for the day?

The bad news is that there could be higher prices on the horizon….the Eastern horizon….

Coffee prices this morning are sharply higher, with arabica climbing to a 1-1/2 year high and robusta coffee posting a new all-time high. Coffee crop concerns in Brazil and Vietnam are fueling fund buying of coffee futures. Somar Meteorologia reported Monday that Brazil’s Minas Gerais region received 15.8 mm of rainfall in the past week, or 74% of the historical average. Minas Gerais accounts for about 30% of Brazil’s arabica crop. Robusta coffee is surging to new record highs on fears that excessive dryness in Vietnam will limit the country’s robusta coffee production.

Tight robusta coffee supplies from Vietnam, the world’s largest producer of robusta coffee beans, are a major bullish factor. On March 26, Vietnam’s agriculture department projected that Vietnam’s coffee production in the 2023/24 crop year could drop by -20% to 1.472 MMT, the smallest crop in four years, due to drought. Also, the Vietnam Coffee Association said that Vietnam’s 2023/24 coffee exports could drop -20% y/y to 1.336 MM. In addition, Marex Group Plc forecasts a global 2024/25 robusta coffee deficit of -2.7 million bags due to reduced output in Vietnam.

https://www.barchart.com/story/news/25518464/coffee-prices-surge-on-global-crop-concerns

You are in luck on this Sunday I can fill a few of your knowledge gaps about this magical elixir……

That coffee you slurped this morning? It’s 600,000 years old. Using genes from coffee plants around the world, researchers built a family tree for the world’s most popular type of coffee, known to scientists as Coffea arabica and to coffee lovers simply as “arabica,” the AP reports. The researchers, hoping to learn more about the plants to better protect them from pests and climate change, found that the species emerged around 600,000 years ago through natural crossbreeding of two other coffee species. “In other words, prior to any intervention from man,” said Victor Albert, a biologist at the University at Buffalo who co-led the study. published Monday in the journal Nature Genetics.

  • These wild coffee plants originated in Ethiopia but are thought to have been first roasted and brewed primarily in Yemen starting in the 1400s. In the 1600s, Indian monk Baba Budan is fabled to have smuggled seven raw coffee beans back to his homeland from Yemen, laying the foundation for coffee’s global takeover.
  • Arabica coffee, prized for its smooth and relatively sweet flavor, now makes up 60% to 70% of the global coffee market and is brewed by brands such as Starbucks, Tim Horton’s, and Dunkin. The rest is robusta, a stronger and more bitter coffee made from one of arabica’s parents, Coffea canephora.
  • The arabica plant’s population fluctuated over thousands of years before humans began cultivating it, flourishing during warm, wet periods and suffering through dry ones. These lean times created so-called population bottlenecks, when only a small number of genetically similar plants survived. Today, that renders arabica coffee plants more vulnerable to diseases like coffee leaf rust, which cause billions of dollars in losses every year.
  • Researchers from Nestlé, which owns several coffee brands, contributed to the study. The study clarifies how arabica came to be and spotlights clues that could help safeguard the crop, said Fabian Echeverria, an adviser for the Center for Coffee Research and Education at Texas A&M University who was not involved with the research.

I have given you the good news and the bad and even threw in a little history….but now the question is what makes coffee taste so damn good?

What is the best way to tell how a coffee is going to taste before you make it? Contrary to belief, the flavor of your coffee isn’t always determined by where it came from. It’s a combination of the microclimate the coffee plant grew up in, nutrient levels in the soil, age of the plant, rainfall (or lack thereof), roast level and one hundred and one other variables that shape and reshape the bean within the coffee plant’s fruit.

But there’s an argument to be made that no variable — other than maybe roast level — has a more plainly noticeable effect on coffee flavor as the “process,” something that’s stamped on any decent bag of coffee, which simply refers to how the coffee bean is removed from the cherry.

https://www.gearpatrol.com/home/natural-vs-washed-coffee/

Now that I have given you the history and the important questions I would like to close with some medical news about coffee….

Coffee is one of the world’s most popular beverages, cherished for its flavor and the boost of alertness it offers thanks to its caffeine content.

Recent research has highlighted another potential benefit of coffee: its association with a lower risk of developing liver disease.

This article explores the evidence behind this finding, offering insights into how drinking coffee could help protect liver health.

The liver is a crucial organ that plays a vital role in filtering toxins, aiding digestion, and regulating metabolism.

Liver disease includes a range of conditions such as hepatitis, fatty liver disease, and cirrhosis, which can progressively damage the liver, impairing its ability to function effectively. Finding ways to prevent liver disease is therefore of significant interest in medical research

https://knowridge.com/2024/04/coffee-and-liver-health-a-surprising-connection/

Damn!  Time for another cup!

I hope everyone has a wonderful Sunday….if weather permits go out and enjoy the day…. and as always….Be Well and Be Safe….

I Read, I Write, You Know

“lego ergo scribo”

Closing Thought–05Apr24

This post is a question for my English friends and readers…..

I read an article that has given me a new perspective on the concept of the 1%…..

Well now, here’s a fun fact about Britain: according to investigative journalist Kevin Cahill, in the UK and Ireland, 70% of land is still owned by less than 1% of the population. In his book Who Owns Britain, Cahill argues that 0.3% of the British population owns 66% of the country, and these 160,000 families who own two-thirds of Great Britain largely descend from the army of William the Conqueror — the first Norman King of England who first conquered the country in 1066.

Cahill’s research traces the roots of current land ownership patterns back to the Norman Conquest of 1066. In the book, he explains that the introduction of the feudal system by William the Conqueror saw the Crown claiming ownership of all land, which was then parcelled out to loyal nobles. This moment basically set the stage for a legacy of concentrated land ownership. Strikingly, this one decision by a king in the 11th century still greatly affects the UK now.

This accumulation of wealth in the hands of the few continued. Despite subsequent changes in society and governance, the foundational structures of landholding established in this era have shown remarkable endurance. Cahill illustrates how, over the centuries, laws and practices have evolved to protect and perpetuate the land holdings of the aristocracy and elite, often at the expense of broader public ownership and access. It’s classic inequality applied over a millennium.

https://www.zmescience.com/other/shorties/70-percent-britain-land-owned-by-the-rich/

Now the question is….the accusation of land ownership….is this accurate?

And there is one other thing I would like to know about the UK…..

The chance to peer inside the place where Queen Elizabeth II died proved too much a temptation this week as the first public tours inside Balmoral Castle sold out within 24 hours. On Wednesday, King Charles III announced members of the public would for the first time be able to tour the interior of Balmoral, the British royal family’s private Scottish estate, as well as Buckingham Palace’s east wing, during daily tours in July and August. Forty tickets to get inside Balmoral were available each day from July 1 to August 4, before Charles and Queen Camilla arrive for their summer break, at the hefty price of $120 per person, or $190 with the added option of afternoon tea, ABC News reports. All sold out within 24 hours, per the Ardrossan Herald.

The tours are being offered as part of a trial to test whether the building completed in 1855 can handle increased foot traffic, per the Guardian. Those who managed to snag tickets will get a glimpse of the ballroom—a regular stop on the usual tour of the grounds—as well as two dining rooms, the drawing room, the page’s lobby, and the red corridor. Visitors “can see how rooms within the Castle are used today by their Majesties The King and Queen and other members of the Royal Family,” according to a tour description. They can also view Charles’ watercolor paintings and a selection of outfits worn by royals including the late queen.

Photography is not permitted on the interior tour. Tickets to tour the castle grounds, open to the public from May 4 to August 11, remain available at a cost of $22 per adult. Tours of Buckingham Palace’s east wing, including a visit to the central balcony where the royal family gathers for public appearances, run daily from July 15 to August 31 at a cost of $95 per adult, reports the BBC.

Are people really willing to fork over that kind of cash to visit some moth ball castle?

Sorry but unlike most Americans I could give a fig about the royals or their mansions.

Is all this true?

Thanx for stopping by and I hope everyone has a terrific weekend.

I Read, I Write, You Know

“lego ergo scribo”

Closing Thought–01Apr24

****This is NOT an “April Fools” gag!****

Remember a few months ago when we were told of the shortage of eggs thanks to bird flu?  Well. it looks like they are setting us up again.

Back in those days I asked about the high prices we were asked to pay for eggs….

Is It Price Gouging?

With the most recent warning from the egg industry has sent people on a mission….

A shortage of eggs in shops during Holy Week has led Norwegians to flock to supermarkets across the border in Sweden and hoard the traditional Easter favorite, reports the AP. Norwegian news outlet Nettavisen said Thursday that the Nordby shopping center in Sweden, located just off the border about 62 miles south of the capital, Oslo, has been filled by “desperate” Norwegians trying stock up on eggs. The center’s Maxi-Mat food store ran out of eggs Tuesday, while the adjacent Nordby Supermarket has had to limit the number of eggs purchased to three 20-packs per household, the news outlet reported.

Not only are the Swedish stores better stocked with eggs, a traditional Easter treat needed for many dishes, but the product is also more affordable in Sweden, Nettavisen said. “It’s far cheaper than you get in Norway—if you can get eggs in Norway at all, that is,” Ståle Løvheim, the head of the Nordby shopping center, told Nettavisen. “The last time I was in Norway, the store was empty” of eggs. A pack of 20 eggs in Sweden sells for about $3.70, about 30% less than the price in Norway. Concerns about overproduction of eggs in Norway led to farmers being offered compensation to reduce egg production. That and the effects of bird flu have led to a shortage, according to news reports.

Egg prices are at near-historic highs in many parts of the world as Easter approaches, reflecting a market battered by disease, high demand, and growing costs for farmers. Ranked consistently among the most expensive countries in the world, Norway is known for its substantially high cost of living, especially in regard to food products and alcohol, which are heavily taxed even when compared to well-to-do Nordic neighbors. Many residents living in southern Norway regularly make shopping trips across the border to Sweden, where products and services enjoy a lower value-added tax, a phenomenon that has evolved into a lucrative business for Swedish store owners

I know it is Sweden….but how long before the trend makes it to us from across the pond?

Will it the toilet paper shortage of the future?

This is another “Not An April Fools” joke.

A report by Oddspedia, a sports-betting and data-tools website, lists Florida as America’s No. 1 conspiracy theory “hotspot,” followed by those in California, while the Sunshine State’s residents “ranked as the second-most gullible.”

But Oddspedia’s analysts noted conspiracy theorizing is a national pastime of sorts these days, with broad implications for this year’s election.

“In the lead-up to the 2024 US elections, conspiracy theories have entrenched themselves as a notable element of American political discourse,” the Oddspedia report concluded. “The impact of these theories on the presidential race is noteworthy, with the potential to either bolster or undermine a candidate’s credibility.”

What’s going on? Here is what Oddspedia found:

https://www.palmbeachpost.com/story/news/politics/2024/04/01/april-fools-florida-tops-conspiracy-theories-gullible-residents/73142438007/

Now since it is ‘April’s Fools’ Day I thought a little history would help….

April 1st is celebrated by many as April Fools’ Day, a cheeky date on the calendar when playful pranks abound, within people’s homes, at schools and workplaces, and even in newspaper articles or television programs. The day is known around the world as a light-hearted moment in the diary to try and catch out unsuspecting friends, family, employees, and teachers with silly games to make one another laugh. But where did the tradition come from, and why did it occur on this particular Spring date? The exact origins of April Fools’ Day are unknown, but there are several possible sources that point to its evolution through the ages.

https://www.thecollector.com/history-of-april-fools-day/

I Read, I Write, You Know

“lego ergo scribo”

That Amazing Cornbread

Happy Easter to everyone!

Another Sunday and another month ends…..and what better time than one of the Old Professor’s trip into the magic land of food and history?

I am a Southerner and I grew up with that delicious food known as cornbread…..I have eaten it in any way it can be made…..sweet, spicy, cheesy and into cakes….We Southerners love their cornbread…..and a bowl of beans and cornbread is the perfect meal for me.

For those that have not eaten much cornbread this may not mean a lot to you but to us down here it means everything….so let me pass on some stuff.

Cornbread has passed through the hands of Indigenous and enslaved people to become a lasting culinary staple of the American South. Cherished for its dense yet crumbly texture and a slightly sweet or savory flavor, it’s traditionally made with cornmeal, water or milk, and fat. 

This traditional bread can be leavened or unleavened, made with white flour or not, and baked in an oven or pan-fried on the stovetop. From cornbread squares and muffins to crispy-edged fritters and hush puppies, cornbread is more than a side dish. It’s a culturally significant, nutritionally rich symbol of resilience that holds a unique place on the plate. 

Maize was and is a staple crop for Indigenous people in the Americas. According to research published in the journal Social Research, the term “corn” was introduced by European colonists, a word they used to describe small grains of all kinds from oats to wheat and even salt. 

The earliest versions of what we now know as cornbread were typically ground-up maize held together with animal fat and may have been baked or boiled, Miller says. A form of this basic recipe later became the daily bread for enslaved Africans, made from their weekly rations, which often included several pounds of cornmeal. 

https://www.consumerreports.org/health/healthy-eating/is-cornbread-good-for-you-a4401550107/

I can say no more….I have to run into the kitchen and make a pan for dinner.

Try it!  You may like it!

Now it is Easter so I need to give my reader a little something extra….in this case it is history and Soul Food….

An Unofficial History of Southern Soul Food

Have a great Easter Sunday and hopefully a great meal…..and as always Be Well and Be Safe….

I Read, I Write, You Know

“lego ergo scribo”

That Magnificent Burger!

First get the crap out of the way….Haley loses to Trump in South Carolina (go figure)….time for her to think about retiring.

Another Sunday and what better time to learn something….especially if it is something about America’s favorite food.

It is getting to be March and that magical time we call Spring….and all across the Deep South people dusting off and rolling out their grills and one of the first things we do is cook burgers.

I admit it I do enjoy a good burger….mine is with cheese with mayo and brown mustard….put the garden on the side….but as good as a burger is where did it all begin?  (Surprise!  A little history.)

Close your eyes and picture a hamburger. Whether the version in your imagination is bursting with lettuce and tomatoes and oozing ketchup or not, it’s a sure bet that the image in your mind’s eye includes a bun. Without a bun it’s not a hamburger, though—it’s just a hamburger patty, or what used to be known as a hamburger steak (or hamburg steak).

If you’ve ever found yourself wondering who invented the first hamburger, you’re not alone. Below, discover more fascinating details about the history of hamburgers, from their minced beef-with-suet recipe origins to White Castle’s legendary “sliders,” and more.

Exactly how a dish named for a German city evolved into one of America’s favorite foods is a riddle wrapped in a mystery on a sesame seed bun.

The earliest reference to the ancestor of the hamburger appears in an English cookbook from 1763. In Art of Cookery, Made Plain and Easy, Hannah Glasse explains how to make a Hamburgh sausage. The recipe calls for mixing minced beef with suet, spices, wine, and rum and stuffing it into a gut, which is then smoked and dried. Except for those final steps of converting it into a sausage, the minced meat and fat with spices could be considered a hamburg steak, which is defined as a dish of salted and smoked minced beef.

The first glimpse of hamburg steak occurred around the 1870s, when this dish began popping up in restaurants. In San Francisco, a menu from the Clipper Restaurant dated 1871 to 1884 lists Hamburg beefsteak for 10 cents, the same price as stewed mutton, tripe, or salmon. A tenderloin steak was 20 cents. 

https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/56926/history-hamburger

Now you have learned everything you need to know about the amazing burger….I mean burgers are so popular there is even a pop song about them….

For full disclosure….while I truly enjoy a big thick burger today I will be grilling a couple of tenderloins with baked potato and a salad.

Enjoy your day and have a burger life will look so much more bright.

As always….Be Well and Be Safe….

I Read, I Write, You Know

“lego ergo scribo”

To Save Democracy

It is election time and both sides seem to think that they are the savior of our beloved Constitution…..both are silly in my world….but I read a blog post the other day that I feel needs to be shared.

The Haudenosaunee (Iroquois Confederation)’s Law of Peace and Seventh Generation Principle Can Save our Democracy and Climate

An interesting read and very well thought out…

I Read, I Write, You Know

“lego ergo scribo”

What Of Democracy?

These days with an election looming and all the talk about whether or not our democracy is at stake I thought I would take a look at the ‘cradle of democracy’….Greece.

Since it is a Sunday and a good day for me to drop some history and even maybe someone will learn something…..

Remember Socrates?

You know the philosopher that taught Aristotle but what did he think of the idea of ‘democracy’?

Democracy is a form of government in which power is placed in the hands of the people. This can take two main shapes: direct democracy (citizens make decisions themselves) or representative democracy (elected officials make decisions on behalf of the citizens). Most modern democracies operate with some form of representative democracy — such as the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Ancient Greece, however, had a direct democracy; citizens had a direct and active role in the government, but this was easier back then than today because Greek city-states made the population smaller, and the definition of ‘citizen’ was more exclusive.

Socrates was a philosopher from Athens in the fifth century BCE, and he has gone on to be one of the most well-known thinkers of his time. Although he didn’t leave behind any written works of his own, his students kept his legacy alive, and his influence reverberates today. He’s most known for his teaching style — known today as the Socratic Method — wherein a question-and-answer discussion setting is cultivated to stimulate critical thinking. Socrates believed one should be skeptical of everything, and he practiced what he preached regarding democracy. Socrates was an outspoken critic of the Athenian government. Two of his biggest criticisms of democracy concerned the majority rule’s lack of knowledge and the potential for a demagogue. 

(would you like to know more?)

https://www.thecollector.com/how-did-socrates-view-democracy/

Looks like one of Socrates criticisms came true and may come true again….A demagogue is a type of political leader who relies on prejudices, false promises, and charisma to manipulate voters into choosing them. 

Sound familiar?

Was Socrates correct in his criticism?

I think he was pretty spot on and sharp even back then.

Keep Socrates in mind while you search your soul for a vote in November.

Have a good day and hopefully enjoy the rest of your weekend….as always….Be Well and Be Safe….

I Read, I Write, You Know

“lego ergo scribo”

Closing Thought–29Jan24

This will mean very little in this world of war monger midgets…..but it meant something to me and that is all I need….

Ever heard of the War Resisters League?

Silly question….of course you have not.

Why would you….you are too busy sucking down the propaganda and crap that the media and the War Department feeds you.

The War Resisters League has been opposing war for 100 years.

In her diary on October 19, 1923, the 48-year-old New York City educator Jessie Wallace Hughan (1875-1955) wrote, “Tracy [Mygatt] to dinner—had hair done—organized real War Resisters League …”
Hughan was describing the formal founding of WRL as the successor organization to the Anti-Enlistment League, which had opposed armed forces enlistment during World War I. Conscientious objectors (COs) had faced many trials during the war, especially those whose opposition to war was secular, not religious, but the war’s end did not bring about an end to their difficulties. All of the major national peace groups of the era had expressed strong political sentiment since 1898 against U.S. imperialist incursions, along with burgeoning interest about the new communist experiments in Russian and Eastern European “soviets” (which were established in 1923). Despite their politics, all these peace groups were religiously based. Hughan and her comrades realized the great need for a secular antiwar organization that would support those objectors whose main principle against fighting did not merely derive from a theological standpoint. The new “league” became a section of War Resisters’ International, a then-new European-based secular pacifist group. Hughan served as the organization’s chief funder and director, also serving for decades on the organization’s executive committee; during much of this time, the organization’s sole paid staffer was its Executive Secretary, the redoubtable Abe Kaufman.

https://www.warresisters.org/wrl-history

I got to know these people in the 1970s when I was active in the antiwar movement….not a more dedicated bunch on the planet.

If you feel that you have had enough of endless wars and the endless waste of taxpayer money and would like to try and get involved in the movement then these people are the place to start.

https://www.warresisters.org/

I have never regretted my association with the WRL….and you will not as well.

They are needed more than ever these days.

I Read, I Write, You Know

“lego ergo scribo”

2024–Shed Some Pounds!

At the beginning of the year did you go into the social thing of making a ‘New Year’s Resolution’?

Mine was to resolve to stop making resolutions that I never follow through with at any age.

Many people that I know made the resolution to lose a few pounds especially before bathing suit weather.

Everyone seems to be looking for that magic ‘pill’ that will miraculously strip away those unwanted pounds…..good luck that.

Most will fail….but that is not why I am here….this is a good time for me to drop some history after all it is Sunday and an FYI type of day.

With a new year comes an opportunity to start fresh and, for some Americans, that means losing weight. According to a Forbes survey on new year’s resolutions, 48% of respondents reported they wanted to improve their fitness, 34% wanted to lose weight, and 32% wanted to improve their diet. Resolutions related to appearance and health outweighed several other wellness goals, such as spending time with loved ones (25%), improving work-life balance (7%), and meditating more regularly (5%).

In 2024, these resolutions have been bolstered by the emergence of quick weight loss drugs, like Ozempic, a drug intended for adults with Type 2 diabetes that has been harnessed for its weight loss side effects. Some celebrities have spoken openly about using Ozempic to lose weight and the drug has exploded in popularity among the public. On TikTok, #Ozempic has acquired 1.3 billion views and #OzempicWeightLoss is catching up with 429.6 million views. Shortages of the drug are expected throughout 2024.

Dieting has existed for centuries, at least since Ancient Greece, where dieting emerged as a holistic approach to physical and mental health. But the conception of dieting as primarily a way to lose weight or change one’s body first appeared in the 19th century.

Historians trace the contemporary Western relationship between dieting and weight loss to 1863 when English writer William Banting authored “A Letter on Corpulence.” However, Banting didn’t have a background in health or medicine. His writing came from his own struggles with his weight. At age 64, Banting was 5’5” and weighed 202 pounds.

When he started to lose his hearing, Banting turned to surgeon William Harvey. Harvey had recently attended a lecture in Paris about the connection between the liver and diabetes, and had since been investigating how sugar, fats, and starches influenced the body. When a distressed Banting asked for solutions to weight loss, Harvey recommended that he cut out “bread, butter, milk, sugar, beer and potatoes and to live on mainly animal protein, fruit and non-starchy vegetables.” About nine months later, Banting had lost 35 pounds and his quality of life had significantly improved. He then self-published “A Letter on Corpulence” detailing his journey and gave copies away for free.

https://www.teenvogue.com/story/diet-culture-history-from-ancient-greece-to-ozempic

Here’s my ‘diet’…. eat less and exercise as much as you can.  I have not changed what I eat just eat less and a walk with the dog is my exercise and Pelaton got zero dollars from me.

That concludes my sermon for the day.

Enjoy your Sunday and as always….Be Well and Be Safe….

I Read, I Write, You Know

“lego ergo scribo”

History Of The “F” Word

It is a Sunday and what better day than that to throw some FYI in your direction and a little history all in one post.

Warning– this post uses some harsh words and may offend those readers that have sensitivities to the use of the “F” word.

If you are one of those people then please pass this post by as I would not want to offend.

I was watching the tube the other night and every channel that I turned to someone was using the “F” word….as adjective, expletive, adverb, verb and so on and that got my brain fired up to do what I like best….research.

Just where did the “F” word originate?

Who first used the F-word?

Etymologists have been debating it for years, with every new discovery inspiring a flurry of news coverage. (Note: If you read Vox articles aloud to your children, be warned — this piece has some particularly rude language.) Last year, there was a flurry of attention when we learned that the word made an early appearance in English in 1528, when a disgruntled monk wrote, “O D fuckin abbot.”

Now there’s a new contender for oldest known use: Historian Paul Booth of Keele University claims that a court case in 1310 may have featured the earliest recorded use of the word “fuck,” embedded in the astonishing name of a defendant: Roger Fuckebythenavele. (Yes, that was his name.)

But even that might not be the end of the story. Pinning down a word’s origins turns out to be surprisingly tricky — not least because it’s difficult to know if medieval people were using the word the way we use it today. I spoke to Kate Wiles, a medieval researcher and contributing editor at History Today, who expanded on the history of “fuck” and explained why finding the first instance is trickier than it seems.

Historians have found plenty of examples of the word “fuck” in old medieval manuscripts. Wiles recommends Jesse Sheidlower’s history of the word, The F Word, and she also wrote her own summary in 2014. The kestrel was probably called a “windfucker” in 1599, and before that, all the way back in 1373, we have records of a place named Fockynggroue, which probably referenced “the act.” Other place names, like Ric Wyndfuk and Ric Wyndfuck de Wodehous, date to 1287, though their meaning is uncertain.

https://www.vox.com/2015/9/15/9329813/f-word-origins

I could not go to sleep as long as I had this nagging question in my brain.

Now I know and so do you…..

Learn Stuff!

I Read, I Write, You Know

“lego ergo scribo”