First, “greed” and “corruption” are not the main or even significant characteristics of this crisis. Both are endemic in all class-divided systems and usually become more prevalent, more visible and less tolerable to the masses of people when a system is in general decline.
This crisis specifically is not the result of “irresponsible” people who went into debt to purchase or refinance homes (John McCain’s initial response), or even the “predatory lenders” who got them to do so. Debt means interest and interest is and has always been a major source of capitalist profit.
In an unregulated or deregulated system, creditors routinely manipulate people of low and moderate incomes, often desperate people, to take loans which they then sell to those higher on the financial food chain, creating a house of cards based on quick profits gained from such manipulation. No one is safe, including the investors in the institutions at the top of the financial food chain, those in the higher professional and managerial strata with income significantly higher than most of the people who think of themselves as “middle class.” This dynamic creates a political economy which, to paraphrase the 17th century Philosopher Thomas Hobbes, encourages a war of all against all.
Crises of this kind, that is, instability rooted in the anarchic drive of capital to find ever bigger markets, drive out competitors, commodify all goods, services, and social relations, is the heart of the capitalist system. Each crisis grows greater with capitalist consolidation and expansion.
This specific crisis is peculiar to the capitalist system as it has evolved into bank-controlled monopoly or finance capital. In recent decades this system, or state monopoly capitalism, has substantially done away with the regulatory reforms whose purpose was to save it from itself, devolving or deregulating itself into a speculative market jungle, but one where the state funds are still available to protect speculators.
Money is made not by creating new productive capacity in a national economy, but by financial piracy and loan sharking, manipulating stock prices, reducing dividends to general shareholders, merging companies, cutting jobs, cannibalizing pensions to repay the debts created such activities and walking away with super-profits.
The crisis of capital was more than an accident or a cycle. It was a structural crisis that would continue and eventually worsen even with these forms of positive state regulation. Certainly it took World War II to end the depression. It also took a greatly strengthened labor movement, which both helped to create New Deal political majorities and which New Deal policies then strengthened, to raise general U.S. living standards from the 1940s to the 1970s. Even with Cold War repression and general economic expansion producing rightward general trends in labor and government, the regulatory reforms remained in place and served to prevent any major financial crisis.
Markets like commodities have no life of their own. Economy is political and social, shaped by social interactions and relationships in political contexts. Nothing is pre-ordained. Commodities and “markets” do not control human beings, who must sacrifice to them, and “feel pain” when they are angry. Human beings create and control markets and commodities. How they do that depends on their class interests and the structures of political economic power in the system in which they live.
This radical shift to the private sector could become one of history’s largest transfers of ownership, control and wealth from public trust to private till. But more is at stake. The concept of democracy itself is being challenged by multinational corporations that see Americans not as citizens, but as customers, and government not as something of, by, and for the people, but as a market to be entered for profit.
And that Irene, is what went wrong.